tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9876732276064407852024-03-05T12:43:05.766+08:00教會史與人物誌看上帝在歷史中的作為楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.comBlogger1943125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-82014012468766691832024-03-01T19:52:00.002+08:002024-03-01T19:52:15.890+08:00休格之著作<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">休格的著作如今仍存留在整個歐洲數百間的圖書館裡。從這些著作的保存和普遍性,可看到休格的作品深具影響力。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">休格寫過不少著作,但沒有一本觸及到政治和經濟方面的理論。他在</span><span lang="EN-US">1120</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代撰寫數篇有名的著作,其中</span><span lang="EN-US">Sacraments of the Christian
Faith</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和</span><span lang="EN-US"> The Didascalicon of Hugh of St Victor</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為他的巨作之一。</span><span lang="EN-US">Sacraments
of the Christian Faith</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是最被推崇的名著,其中大量表達出休格對於神學和神秘思想(範圍從上帝與天使到自然法則)的概念。</span><span lang="EN-US">The Didascalicon of Hugh of St Victor</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是本認識基督教的入門引導本,反映出休格的願望-成為基督信仰的初級教師。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Didascalicon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">則強烈反映出休格的哲學思想,其中反映出他認為基督徒該學習注意在哪些基本元素。</span><span lang="EN-US">De arca Noe morali </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">De arca Noe mystica </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">則反映出他熱衷於神祕主義和對創世紀感興趣。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-50112088996200821982024-03-01T19:48:00.004+08:002024-03-01T19:48:51.540+08:00休格之影響與遺產<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">休格被眾多人物所影響,其中聖奧古斯丁影響他最深遠。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">奧古斯丁與休格都認同某些藝術和哲學有助於了解上帝,但除此之外他們的論點相異。休格的遺產較令人印象深刻,他過世後,他的思想與著作常被引用於許多的發表。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">聖文德在</span><span lang="EN-US">De reductione artium ad theologiam</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">讚揚他。休格也將他對神祕主義的思想傳授給</span><span lang="EN-US">Andrew</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和</span><span lang="EN-US"> Richard of Saint Victor</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。休格也是</span><span lang="EN-US">Victorine movement</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的創始成員之一。然而,休格有一個理想沒有傳遞給</span><span lang="EN-US">Victorine movement</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,就是他對科學和哲學的包容性,把它們都當作接近上帝的工具。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-25986567987938805902024-03-01T19:45:00.005+08:002024-03-01T19:45:38.807+08:00休格之哲學與神學<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">聖維克托的休格認為哲學可被分為四個部分:理論性、實踐性、機械性和邏輯性。此觀點與深深影響他的聖奧古斯丁有差異。休格相信哲學和理性是認知神性最好的工具,而他使用理性辯論他的立場和捍衛信念。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在休格的著作</span><span lang="EN-US">Didascalicon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(或稱</span><span lang="EN-US"> Didascalion</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)中,他概述了三種哲學。他提及前三種哲學,是透過理論哲學的信念、實踐哲學的道德和出自機械哲學的物質釋放,來幫助我們凡人成為好一點的人。最後,邏輯哲學的存在,則是確保前三樣哲學之結論的正確性。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">休格早期著作之一</span><span lang="EN-US">Didascalicon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,是本有關上帝與基督的初階百科全書。他刻意地避開任何爭議性主題和天主教核心信仰難題。儘管休格認為哲學是了解神性最有效的途徑,他對神祕主義深感興趣,且深信有關屬靈、神秘層次的上帝。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">休格相信神性智慧是所有受造物的原始型態。他深受奧古斯丁創世紀註釋的影響。休格認為世上被創造的第六天,是個讓人去沉思的奧秘,甚至可說是個聖禮。對休格而言,上帝在混沌中創造世界,為的是給人類一個信息,告訴他們應當從起初未受教導而愚昧無知的混沌中提升,成為滿有智慧與美麗的受造物。休格也發現創世紀其它部分,較多筆墨於道德教訓,而不在於字句上的事件說明。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">休格是位神祕主義者。休格相信伴隨著耶穌而來的聖餐,是上帝賜給人類神聖的禮物,為的是從罪中贖回自己。他認為上帝有其它的方式可選擇來救贖人類。休格也將這一切分成兩群:</span><span lang="EN-US">opis creationis</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">opis restaurationis</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US">opis creationis </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意思是受造物的行為,指的是人類的作為,而</span><span lang="EN-US">opis
restaurationis</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">涉及到上帝差遣耶穌的原因和其後果。休格相信上帝並不需要差遣耶穌,因祂有其它的方式可選擇。上帝會選擇差遣耶穌是個奧秘,我們需默想這事和透過啟示得著啟發,藉由哲學方便於理解。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-33458266792728729082024-03-01T19:38:00.008+08:002024-03-01T19:52:56.702+08:00聖維克多的休格<p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post.html">聖維克多的休格</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post_62.html">休格之哲學與神學</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post_48.html">休格之影響與遺產</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post_83.html">休格之著作</a> ,<br /></p>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-71782961834362136442024-03-01T19:38:00.000+08:002024-03-01T19:38:00.128+08:00聖維克多的休格<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">聖維克多的休格(生於</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1096 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年,卒於</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1141 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月</span><span lang="EN-US"> 11 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日,法國巴黎)著名經院神學家,他開創了神秘主義傳統,使巴黎聖維克多學派在整個</span><span lang="EN-US"> 12 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">世紀聞名。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">休出身貴族,在哈爾伯施塔特(現位於德國)附近的哈默斯萊本修道院加入了奧古斯丁教士。他與叔叔哈爾伯施塔特的副主教萊因哈德一起前往巴黎(約</span><span lang="EN-US">1115 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年),並定居在聖維克多修道院。</span><span lang="EN-US">1133 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年直到他去世,聖維克多學校在休的指導下蓬勃發展。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他的神秘論著深受希波主教聖奧古斯丁的影響,他對默觀生活的實踐教導與阿略帕吉派偽狄奧尼修斯的理論著作相結合。休頗具創新性的釋經風格對自然神學的發展做出了重要貢獻:他將上帝存在的論點建立在外在和內在的經驗之上,並添加了源於經驗事實的目的論證明。他在教條神學方面的主要著作是《基督教信仰的聖禮》(</span><span lang="EN-US">De sacramentis Christianae fidei</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),該書預見了一些聖托馬斯·阿奎那的著作。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與他的一些同時代人不同,休透過提倡知識作為沉思生活的入門來支持世俗學習:「學習一切,」他說,「然後你會發現沒有什麼是無用的。」作為一位多產的作家,休格寫了《</span><span lang="EN-US">Didascalicon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">》,內容廣泛的早期百科全書,以及對《聖經》和《偽狄奧尼修斯的天體等級制度》的評論。聖維克多教規</span><span lang="EN-US">(1648) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的休格作品版本在</span><span lang="EN-US">J .-P. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">米涅</span><span lang="EN-US">(J.-P. Migne) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的《</span><span lang="EN-US">Patrologiae Cursus
Completus</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">》中重印(拉丁系列),</span><span lang="EN-US">1844-64</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-14312784460369389372024-02-16T11:57:00.000+08:002024-02-16T11:57:01.428+08:00底波拉Deborah<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">主前約</span><span lang="EN-US">1150</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">1050</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">女英雄–底波拉巴</span><span lang="EN-US">Isreal Judges</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">—</span><span lang="EN-US">Deborah, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">底波拉是以色列第四位士師她是以色列唯一的女士師</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">也是一位先知。底波拉希伯來文的意思是</span><span lang="EN-US">: </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">蜜蜂</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">黃蜂。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她是拉比多的妻子</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在底波拉的棕樹下聽判斷。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">底波拉(</span><span lang="EN-US">Deborah</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">–她名字的意思是”蜜蜂”</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她是怎樣的人</span><span lang="EN-US">? </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她的世界觀不是憑著當時的政局而來,乃是憑藉著她與上帝的關係而確立的。雖然在古時候,女性領導人很少見,但波底拉恰恰就是以色列當時最需要的那種領導人</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她也是一位女先知,聽了上帝的話語並篤信上帝的道理。她激勵她的人民,最終使他們戰勝了外來的侵略者。底波拉似乎天生就是一位女強人,她一出現的時候,就已經是以色列人的士師。她住在以法蓮山地拉瑪和伯特利中間,以色列人都上到她那裏去聽判斷。可見她天生就是一位領袖人物,這可能是與生俱來的氣質令她如此。她的名字蓋過她的丈夫及當時同作領袖的其他男性。她主動地調動軍隊並分派將軍巴拉帶兵去與迦南人耶賓的將軍西西拉爭戰,並預言巴拉會取得勝利</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以色列舊約歷史中,她是繼米利暗(出</span><span lang="EN-US">15:20</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)後第二位女先知。先知是為上帝的代言人,是上帝親自呼召,為傳達上帝的信息及作為。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">拉比多的妻子:</span><span lang="EN-US">v4</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">拉比多是誰?聖經沒有更進一步的記載,但可以猜測他是支持太太的人,否則在當時的社會不可能讓女性拋頭露面。據說,底波拉原在聖殿中看守會幕的燈,因著她的忠心,後來上帝呼召她成為先知、士師。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「士師」的英文是</span><span lang="EN-US">Judge</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,原文有審判、判斷,拯救者之意。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約書亞以後,以色列失去領導中心,他們遭到敵人攻擊時就求告上帝,上帝就為他們預備一位拯救者-士師。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1 </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這女英雄的形成</span><span lang="EN-US">:<span>
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她的看見</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">內憂外患</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她的痛苦</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">眼見自己的人民因為拜偶像、忘記上帝的承諾和他們祖先的信實而陷入巨大的絕望中。底波拉雖家居便雅憫境內(士</span><span lang="EN-US">4:5*</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;參書</span><span lang="EN-US">16:2*</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,書</span><span lang="EN-US">18:13*</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),其籍貫卻不屬便雅憫支派。有說</span><span lang="EN-US">: </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她隸屬以色列北方大族以法蓮支派;也有說</span><span lang="EN-US">: </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她是以薩迦支派的人(士</span><span lang="EN-US">5:14-15</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。總之,早年以色列的支派組織極其鬆散,百姓到處流徙,</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">多不固守地業。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">二十年來</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以色列人一次又一次地敗在西西拉的手下。現在</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">上帝終於要讓他們打一場胜仗了!</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">地不劃地自限</span><span lang="EN-US">: (4: 6</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;</span><span lang="EN-US">5: 6</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">12)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不拖延、不以女性的軟弱自居</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">許多時候姊妹常劃地自限,無法超越性別的觀念,在國家危急時,底波拉不受性別的限制,也不求自我表現,不畏縮、不遲疑,積極承擔她能力所及之託付。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她是一位謙卑的人:</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">底波拉不榮耀自己(</span><span lang="EN-US">5:2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),把自己比喻為「以色列的母」(</span><span lang="EN-US">5:7</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她憐憫以色列人像沒有母親的孩子、遭遇外族欺壓痛苦,她謙卑地服事他捫。人不謙卑無法服事主,底波拉戰勝敵人之後,把榮耀歸給上帝,把功績歸給以色列的首領(</span><span lang="EN-US">5:9</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她自稱是以色列之母</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她並沒有使用如”先知”,”妻子”,”士師”,</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“統領”或者”領袖”等講法,她稱自己為”以色列之母”(士師記</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span><span lang="EN-US"> 7</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。她是一位母親,不僅是她親生兒女的母親,同時也是以色列人的母親。雖然以色列人忘記了他們的身份和他們所應服侍的上帝,但是他們的母親沒有忘記。她不僅沒有忘記,相反經常提醒著以色列的人民</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">並終究帶領他們取得了安定和平。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US">2 </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這女英雄的冒起</span><span lang="EN-US">: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她的判斷</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公義</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公平</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公正</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">棕櫚樹下的判斷</span><span lang="EN-US">:<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">底波拉號稱“以色列之母”(士</span><span lang="EN-US">5:7*</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),雖偏居一隅之地,但訪者不絕,都是來求排難斷事的以色列百姓。底波拉住處的棕櫚樹猶茂盛如昔。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US">3 </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這女英雄的成功</span><span lang="EN-US">: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她的信心</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">謀略與膽色</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她的心胸:上帝將她的仇敵夏鎖王耶賓</span><span lang="EN-US">(Jabin)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">並將軍西西拉</span><span lang="EN-US">(Sisera)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與其九百鐵騎精兵交於她的手中,耶和華給軟弱者力量,保守了以色列人四十年的平安。她先將領軍的權交給巴拉將軍</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她的膽量</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">底波拉說:“我必與你同去,只是你在所行的路上得不著榮耀。因為耶和華要將西西拉交在一位婦人手裏。”(士四:</span><span lang="EN-US">4-10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)從上面的幾句簡單的對答,可知這位女士師並不是獨霸高位的女強人。她甚至非常尊重男性,她願意退居二線,讓男性去出頭,去得榮耀。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在當時,戰爭是男性的事,戰場充滿許多危險、生命旦夕不保</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">但底波拉為了國家、為了上帝,她勇氣十足,不畏懼環境、倚靠主剛強。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">4: 9</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「我必與你同去」</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">敵眾我寡</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">巴拉招聚西布倫人和拿弗他利人</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">跟他上他泊山去的有一萬人。在山下的基順河邊</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">西西拉也聚集了所有的九百輛鐵車</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和他的全軍。以色列人和西西拉的軍隊比起來</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">真是眾寡懸殊</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他們怎麼可能打贏呢?但是</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">別忘了</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">上帝的大能與以色列人同在</span><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic";"></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她的謀略</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">將敵軍最強之處轉變成最弱的致命點</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">—</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她利用地形與豪雨</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">西西拉遂率其鐵騎精兵前往基順河,打算在乾枯的河床</span><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic";"></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體;">上作戰將進犯的以色列軍隊擊潰。可是他泊山的大雨</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">從他們到達就下個不停,雨水聚集在山谷並最終形成了洪水。頃刻間,九百鐵騎戰車變成了巨大的累贅。無論軍士們怎樣抽打他們的戰馬,催促他們前行,馬匹被鬆軟的沼澤泥土纏住了腿腳,步履維艱。西西拉的軍隊聚集在他泊山上</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一擁而下使巴拉的軍隊們成為顯眼而脆弱的戰鬥目標,最終除西西拉本人外,無一倖免於刀刃。戰鬥一打響,西西拉的戰車都陷在泥沼裡,馬匹也打滑、跌倒,迦南軍一片驚慌。巴拉率領起義軍急起直追,一直追到外邦人的夏羅設,那裡是夏鎖王的大本營。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她對耶和華的信心</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">底波拉是位有信心的人,她認識上帝的作為(</span><span lang="EN-US">5:3~6</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">4:14</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「耶和華豈不在你前頭行嗎?」</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">西西拉之死與雅億手中的營釘。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體", serif;">西西拉正值壯年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體", serif;">體魄力強、又是久經戰場的大將軍,他的英武連巴拉也心裡懼怕,而雅億只不過是一個在帳篷中求生活的小婦人,西西拉若不是因為放鬆戒備睡著了,雅億絕對殺不了他。由此,我們可以看見警醒的重要性,西西拉因失去警醒而命喪敵手,同樣,我們的仇敵——魔鬼,它如同吼叫的獅子遍地遊行,四處尋找可吞吃的人,我們若不警醒,</span></span>就會成為仇敵吞吃的對象!楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-37157998746854785202024-02-07T10:10:00.003+08:002024-02-07T10:10:38.963+08:00約翰加爾文和日內瓦的關係<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約翰加爾文在宣講最後一次講道時,嘴裡充滿了血。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這是一個重要的時刻。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他領導日內瓦二十三年了。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在這個過程中,他播下了現代民主的種子,並建構了一個解釋宗教改革教義的邏輯框架。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約翰·加爾文於</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1536 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"> 7 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月首次來到日內瓦,計劃只住一晚。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他已經出版了他著名的神學著作《基督教研究所》的第一版。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">加爾文接受了牧師的一些培訓,然後獲得了律師的學士學位,因此有能力撰寫有關道德法的主題。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日內瓦最著名的傳教士和最渴望改善城市道德的人威廉·法雷爾在加爾文身上看到了他需要的幫助者。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他試圖說服年輕的加爾文留在日內瓦。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">加爾文找藉口。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">法雷爾向加爾文發出了嚴厲的警告,他說這是來自主的警告。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">加爾文屈服了。這就是法雷爾、加爾文和日內瓦人民之間夥伴關係的開始。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日內瓦是個熱愛玩樂的城市。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和其他新教徒一樣,加爾文教導說,救贖只能靠基督的功勞。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同時,他堅持認為,希望獲得拯救的人必須表現出改變的生活。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">法雷爾和加爾文嚴厲打擊了這座城市的不道德行為。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一年之內,日內瓦就驅逐了他們。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當被告知他必須離開時,加爾文平靜地回答說:“如果我們試圖取悅人們,我們應該得到很糟糕的回報,但我們服務於更高的主人,他不會扣留我們的回報。”</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他成為斯特拉斯堡神學教授。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">隨著兩位直言不諱的牧師的離去,日內瓦陷入了道德和政治的惡化。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公民改變了主意。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他們邀請加爾文回來。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他猶豫是否要回來,因為他知道自己可能會面臨多年的強烈反對。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">最終,他的良心讓他回去了。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他提出了一種新的統治形式。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">正如傳記作家理查德·泰勒·史蒂文森所寫:“天主教是牧師的宗教,路德教是神學家的宗教,加爾文主義是信徒的宗教。”</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當加爾文主義者將加爾文創建的政府思想帶到蘇格蘭和美國時,這些思想在這些國家得到了更廣泛的表達。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">加爾文的教會政府模式成為國家政府的模式。</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">因此,數以百萬計的人,無論是基督徒還是非基督徒,都感受到了加爾文神學的影響,即使他的名字鮮為人知。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-27789176133048303582024-02-07T09:21:00.002+08:002024-02-07T09:21:10.609+08:001564 年 2 月 6 日 | 約翰加爾文宣講他的最後一次講道<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約翰·加爾文去世前三個月,他的病情開始惡化。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">經過多年的改革、傳教、寫作,這位日內瓦首席神學家開始遭受西奧多·貝扎所說的「氣喘阻礙了他的言語」(理解為一陣咳嗽,嘴裡充滿了血)。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">加爾文知道自己的生命即將結束,因此繼續著也許是他最持久的任務:連續解釋上帝的話語。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這位偉大的改革家身體虛弱,必須用椅子抬上講壇,但他的頭腦卻一如既往地敏銳。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">雖然我們沒有任何關於他那天講道的記錄,但加爾文自己對《提摩太後書》</span><span lang="EN-US">4:7 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的註釋中的話可能在他的腦海中響起:</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我們知道,賽跑的人一旦達到了目標,就達到了自己的願望。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他也以這種方式斷言,對於基督的戰士來說,死亡是可取的,因為這結束了他們的工作。</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">另一方面,他同樣宣稱,我們在這一生中永遠不應該休息,因為如果我們沒有達到目標,那麼從開始到中間一直跑得很好也是沒有任何好處的。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">願我們像約翰‧加爾文一樣,堅持到底。</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u" dir="auto">Soli Deo Gloria.<br /><br />Amen.</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-2852989886420901372024-01-28T20:48:00.005+08:002024-01-28T20:52:29.411+08:00摩根 ( G. Campbell Morgan 1863 - 1945)<p> </p><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 英國釋經派出色的傳道人摩根,開始傳道的地方是在英國,但是,他在美國也贏得了同等的尊敬。他因沒有受過良好的學校教育,在他事業的起始時,就為循理會所拒:因此,他轉入公理宗,藉著他的講道及他的著作,他使每個教派都蒙福了。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 從某一方面說,他的偉大,已使他無法屬於任何教派。一九零四年,他成為倫敦西敏寺教堂的牧師,那時西敏寺年久失修,成了公理會的大包袱,他上任不久,這座有二千五百座位的大教堂,以及兩個樓座都坐滿了人。據說,從清潔工人在地上撿到的鈕扣數目,就可看出人湧入教堂要搶先入座的熱烈情況。雖然,這種說法可能過分,但有的時候,教堂已經坐滿,他就在預定一小時以前開講了…:</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 冬天,每隔一週的星期二,他代鄰區的一位牧師講道,平均聽眾數目是一千七百人至二千人。星期三下午也與主日學教員一起研究星期日要講授的聖經課。西敏寺教堂的講台也經過改建,裝上了大黑板,以備他教授聖經課時用。黑板上有聽眾看不到的暗線,使他在黑板上畫線時能畫得直。摩根曾說:[我不是單為自己做的,而是要作一個教師;去幫助那些因為他們日常工作不能像傳道人用那樣多時間去研讀聖經的人。他用圖解、大綱、追求簡單、清楚與簡短,他說,傳道人是〝解釋者〞,要使聽的人可以明白。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 摩根從未以單一教會為足。他在一週之中在英格蘭各地旅行講道,他用早晚的時間讀書,他的傳記中說:〝這遊行講道並未叫他站在講台上,面對聽眾時缺 乏準備。這項準備常用其它方式做成,因為他早起晚睡。那些擠到教堂,為聖經的奇妙所感動,第一次,或以新方式,看見聖經信息之力量的人,對於摩根在半夜燈下的準備工作,則毫無所知。這位在講台上如此充滿活力的人,他們沒有看見他在清晨五時就在燈下在打開的聖經前作筆記了。他們也沒有看見他坐在馳過原野的火車車廂裏,他的心思默想著許多經文,探索、分析其中的真理,並尋求解釋。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 在那個神學正進行大爭論的時代,他在西敏寺教堂的工作,對那些維護聖經基本信仰的人,正是一個堅強的堡壘。從一九一九至一九三二年,他旅行美國,在慕迪北野夏季聖經大會中扮演了一個主要的角色。在那幾年中,他只在家中停留過八個月。從一九二九至一九三二年,他擔任費城長老教會大教堂的牧師,但他仍然每週旅行到紐約及波士頓去講解聖經;一九三二年,他接受了急迫的召請。再次回到英國倫敦西敏寺教堂,會堂與會眾又再次需要重建,他看來是唯一能作成這大工的人。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 對他說,講道,或說教導人聖經,講解闡釋聖經,永遠是一項快樂。是甚麼使他成為一個屬靈的偉人的呢?</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 他的日記一再記載:〝讀經整個上午〞,並且,他總是很晚才上床。年輕的傳道人問他成功的秘訣時,摩根博士回答說:〝努力工作,殷勤努力工作、工作。〞早晨六點鐘一過,他就到書房,好安靜地研讀聖經。人不可在上午打擾他,他是在研讀聖經。上帝對人講的話需要人專心去領受,而摩根博士就有這份專心。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 為他寫傳記的作家描寫他關心他聽眾的情形時說:〝這強有力的信息;這些專心的聽眾,講者與聽者之間完全合一的氣氛,乃是熱切專心,獻於〝我只有一 件事〞-- 傳道--的結果。對摩根說,他無比的責任,以及他心上經常的擔子,乃是餵養主的羊群,他主日學中最小的羔羊,在他看來,與最成熟的學生同樣重要。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 他在為聖經每卷書預備大綱時,在他提筆之前,他計畫先讀五十遍。他講到他一次坐下來讀完出埃及記全卷,這樣有四十遍之後,他才開始寫下一些釋經的注解。這些綱要及註釋,就構成了今天英文版的〝 The Analyzed Bible〞。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 據說,他可隨時用聖經任何一章講一篇道,但是,他每次講道,卻總要用一小時作特別準備。他對聖經的一般準備是不斷的,濃厚的。〝我可以說,〞他說:〝我經常在火車上讀聖經。〞但是,地並非隱士,他十分喜愛與人接觸。他在慕迪的聖經大會中;下午的時間全用在社交及康樂活動;他總是成為人群中的核心,這時他並不與人討論深奧的道理,只是講一些有趣的故事,與人共度歡樂的時間。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 西敏寺教堂的講台既專獻為解釋聖經,摩根為兒童所設立的主日學也是以聖經為中心就不足為怪了。這可讓我們看出,對摩根博土說,對所有年齡階段的人,研究聖經都是同樣的重要。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 在他的計畫中,有四年的聖經初級課程,學生在這項課程中熟讀聖經中的故事,摩根博土發現,聖經中有一百五十個故事,適合五至八歲的孩子。九至十二歲少年階段,他說,特別對連環的故事有興趣。因此,他以聖經的傳記材料,為少年人編了一百五十三課聖經課。在那最艱難的十三至十六歲的年月階段,青春期的青少年正培植出人際關係的感覺。因此,研究聖經歷史可以引起他們的興趣。十六歲之後,青年人就可接受聖經中一些必須遲延的重要的教訓 --- 以色列的律法、詩歌、大小先知的信息、耶穌的教訓,及使徒們的著作。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 摩根如何使研讀聖經成為他一生專長的呢?在十六歲之前,他從未懷疑過聖經的權威。他身為浸禮會傳道人的兒子,他從未想過,任何誠實、受人尊敬的人,會懷疑聖經是上帝的話。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 以後,他接受師資教育時,他聽到達爾文.赫胥黎、施賓塞等人,這些人的哲學在宗教界投下了陰影。〝到了一個時侯,我對甚麼都沒有確信,〞他說,他三年之久失去了信心,他在〝世俗的殿堂裏〞辯論新書中所講的題目,他的媳婦耶爾描寫他如何解決困難的情形說:</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 〝最後,危機臨到,他向自己承認,對聖經是否賦有上帝對人說話的權威,他完全失去了確信。他立即取消了一切講道約會。那時,他將他所有的書籍,攻擊聖經及為聖經辯護的書,全都放在屋角的櫃子裏。現在我聽到鎖的聲響,他說,他出去,到街上書店裏,買了一本新聖經,帶著聖經回到家中,他對自己說:〝我已不再確信,這本聖經像父親所說那樣具有權威,是上帝的話,但是,有一件事我卻有把握,它若是上帝的話,我若是有開明的心思,不帶偏見的去讀它,它必會使我心靈獲得保證。聖經找到了我,〞他說:〝那時,一八八三年,我開始研讀聖經,自此,他人生的後五十年,沒有一年他不出版 一兩 本著作。他著作了七十本書,其中一些書是所有傳道人為了充實自己所必讀的書。讀它們就會得益處。其中的許多內容,進入道其他傳道人的講詞中。施韋伯稱〝基督的危機〞一書,是摩根最偉大的著作。他的兩卷〝聖經中的活信 息〞是釋經者的另一顆珠寶。〝路加福音〞、〝使徒行傳〞、〝偉大的醫生〞 都是神學中寶貴的著作。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 摩根之成為偉大的傳道人,乃是因為他以上帝的話作課本。研究他的工作、他的嗜好、他的感情,他的偉大是由於他的這項習慣所造成的。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><br /> </p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> ************************************</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 摩根曾經是令我感動之傳道人,我也願意像他一般,用上帝的話來餵養上帝的羊群,求主幫助我殷勤讀聖經並與人分享上帝的信息。</span></p></div>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-23949989772813503252023-12-09T22:22:00.002+08:002023-12-09T22:22:14.953+08:00耶穌為什麼也要受洗<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><ol class="RihjV"><li class="k31gt"><span style="font-size: medium;"> 盡諸般的義(或作「禮」)(太3:15)耶穌要做一切上帝所要求的,包括認同罪人要行的,儘管耶穌沒有罪,不需要悔改,但是他依然完成上帝的命令,耶穌一切都遵照上帝所說的行。他來不是要廢掉律法,乃是要成全律法。</span></li><li class="k31gt"><span style="font-size: medium;"> 肯定約翰的使命是上帝的工作,透過施洗約翰的見證把自己舉薦在以色列人面前。</span></li><li class="k31gt"><span style="font-size: medium;"> 與罪人認同。耶穌受的洗不是悔改的洗,而是他對罪人認同的一種方式。</span></li><li class="k31gt"><span style="font-size: medium;"> 耶穌的受洗讓我們看見了天如何為一個毫無保留奉獻的主做回應,如果我們為上帝的緣故,遵行了上帝的旨意,上帝一定會給我們回應。</span></li><li class="k31gt"><span style="font-size: medium;"> 受洗後聖靈降臨在他身上表明他的受膏。且上帝已經交托給他彌賽亞的重要任務,膏他、賜他能力去完成這個使命。</span></li><li class="k31gt"><span style="font-size: medium;"> 有聲音從天上來說:「這是我的愛子,我所喜悅的。」這是天父對耶穌的身份最直接的啟示與宣告,這是耶穌受洗中最重要的主題。</span></li></ol>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-14163947615257189192023-11-26T21:40:00.005+08:002023-11-26T21:40:51.326+08:00教會的歷史背景<p> </p><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 舊約聖經、有關彌賽亞的應許、基督生平及使徒行傳,都是教會歷史的最佳導論。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 起初上帝的啟示是給全人類的。但在舊約時代,上帝只向第一位希伯來人亞伯拉罕,啟示他所應許的救贖;上帝對這位信心之父說:「萬國都必因你得福」。當新約教會誕生時這個應許便得到應驗,因為救贖的福音藉著教會被傳到了外邦各族(加三8)。現在,正如起初一樣,全人類都可以有份於這真信仰的福祉。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 希伯來人是舊約真理的領受者,上帝又在末世差遣他的兒子耶穌基督,向他們曉諭他自己(來一1一2),但他們拒絕基督,不接受他是舊約所應許的彌賽亞,因此,上帝將福音轉而傳給外邦人。</span></p></div><div class="k31gt"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> 由於這個歷史背景,基督教和猶太教就有了密切的關系。耶穌基督是上帝在舊約所應許的彌賽亞君王,他的降臨是上帝應許的實現。馬太特別警覺於新、舊約的關聯,因此在他寫馬太幅音時,常在紀錄耶穌的事跡之後附上一句:「這是要應驗先知的話」。</span></p></div>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-75081591268418087572023-10-16T22:21:00.005+08:002023-10-16T22:21:45.779+08:00陶恕作品----悅耳琵琶<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">蘇梭亨利(</span><span lang="EN-US">HenrySuso</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)說:「親聆悅耳琵琶是一件事,而風聞琵琶悅耳則是另一件事。」</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我們也可以照樣說,人內在獲聆真理是一件事,而風聞其事則是另一件事。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我不想損毀任何人的真實性宗教經歷;寧可說:在注重表面和虛偽的這些日子裏,我對於仍存留在我們中間的每一點滴的真正虔誠是感到欣慰的。不過,細察一下福音教會的實際狀況,便會使人產生一種強烈的懷疑,即今日自命為基督徒的人,有極高的成數是從未親聆過那悅耳的琵琶。他們只風聞別人道反其事。他們熟悉的得救真理只是道聽途說,那奧秘的聲音從未入其心耳。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這種情形在所謂更深的生命中更是如此。甚至在認聖靈充滿之道理我為當然的那些團體裏,也異常缺乏內在的確信。我們聽見傳道人口若懸河地引述那些「更深的」真理,倒使我們想知道他是否只是敘述所風聞的一些東西,而不是把自己經歷到的一些東西告訴我們。傳播更深生命的道理,而卻無分享這道理的能力,非但無益,而且有害。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我們年復年地從神學院和聖經學院產生出許多青年男女,他們自然知道聖靈充滿的生活理論,卻未享有這種經歷。這些人進到教會中去,又產生出一代對聖靈能力從未有過感覺,對內在之火從未有過親自經歷的基督徒。再下一代,就連這理論也會拋棄了。這是一些團體過去幾年間實際經歷的過程。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-13998876776982730882023-10-16T21:34:00.005+08:002023-10-16T21:34:54.053+08:00陶恕作品----為奧秘留地位<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">真理的尺度刻得如此精密,智慧的天平準得如此準確,絲毫不苛,那就無怪乎有些敏感的基督徒會對上帝的道感到混亂不清,莫衷一是,並採取一種沮喪的態度。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">初信基督的人閱讀聖經,不久就會發現有些經文似乎是互相矛盾的。他固然可以核對不同的譯本,或者他若能閱讀原文,他也可以參考所有的專用字典,而最終仍舊不能不承認有矛盾。就他所能看到的而論,確認為有矛盾在那裏,而且那矛盾也無法避免。那怎麼辦呢?</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">噢,他可能作許多事情。例如,他可能在絕望中停止閱讀,並且斷言自己絕不能明白聖經,就是去嘗試也是沒有。或者,他可能為那些互相矛盾的經文而煩惱,直到他的心思陷於危險的情況中。或者,他可能去請教某些持籲唯理主義的正統神學家,他們幾乎自認為全知,而敢於動一動頭腦就解決了聖經上一切的難題。這最後一種做法,對於真正的靈意來說,確實是致命的,因為這些解經家心中的整個態度是錯誤的,他們只能引領他們的門徒走迷路。他們屬於西色柔所說「最怕顯示為懷疑任何事物」的那一等人。他們繼續持守一種錯誤的假定,即認為天地間任何的事物都可以解釋。沒有甚麼錯謬比這一種錯謬更為驚人。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">比企圖去了解還要好得多的方法就是謙卑地承認自己不懂,並安靜等候上帝在祂自己的時候、祂自己的亮光顯露出來。當我們接受了這種謙卑的真理,那天地間有許多事物我們將永遠無法了解時,我們就必會更能了解。我們最好是接受宇宙萬有和我們在上帝的創造巨網中之地位,祂的創造是祂十分熟知的,而卻是連最智慧的人也極不了解的。「祂必按公平引領謙卑人,將祂的道教訓他們。」</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在那些(非故意地)將自己對於上帝的觀念降至人之理解水準的人看來,承認在聖經中有許多事物及更多關於神性的事情是非人理智所能及的,倒似乎會使他們吃驚不小。但是我們跪籲仰望基督的榮面幾分鐘,便會教導我們謙卑下來,這一種美德的醫治效能早已在遠古為上帝的選民所熟知。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">先知以西結在枯骨平原上,耶和華問他那些骸骨能否復活時,「我說:主耶和華阿!他是知道的」,科爾利芝(</span><span lang="EN-US">Coleridge</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)認為先知這一句自然流露出來的話,乃是曾為人的口所發出來最奧妙的一句話。以西結若回答說能或不能的話,他就會將心裏關閉而不再理會他所面對的大奧秘,並且會把這個在高天至大者面前的偉大奇事失之交臂。切不可忘記,因為想曉得,存籲愉快的心情默默站在至高奧秘之前輕聲地說;「主耶和華上帝阿!他是知道的!」乃是一種特權。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教會中人為臉露微笑的非信徒解釋一切的那種可憐復可鄙的企圖,其所得到的效果卻恰巧與所希冀的相反。這種做法把敬拜降低到理智的水平上,並且把唯理主義的精神介紹到宗教的神奇之中來。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人自認不知道,這並不可恥,基督徒在屬靈事物的領域中,也不應害怕作這種承認所產生的結果。十字架的大能,誠然正是上帝的智慧,而不是人的智慧這一個事實上。在我們設法解釋一切屬靈事物之日,即我們(為我們自己)破壞一切神聖事物之時。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">務要知道:在這件事上基督徒確實不是採取守勢的。任憑這個世界的智慧人堅持要我們基督徒解釋我們的信仰,並讓他們將一把劍放在我們手中,我們就能用這把劍使他們抱頭鼠竄。我們只須轉過來請求他們解釋這個世界,我們便要看見他們將變成多麼難堪。耶穌在一個場合中說:「我對你們說地上的事,你們尚且不信,若說天上的事,如何能信呢?」如果我們要被迫作解釋的話,他們又何嘗不然,而且,我們雙方都只會做拙劣的解釋工作。因為在我們周圍,從原子以至人的靈魂,都全是奧秘,而我們任何人都能做得到的乃是俯首在主面前說,「主耶和華上帝阿!他是知道的。」</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">大概大衛晚上躺臥在青草地上,默想月亮和星宿之奧秘,以及人在整個萬物之計劃中的渺小時,便對那使他只比天使微小一點的上帝肅然起敬,但他卻是比那以極度傲慢的態度去衡量天體的天文學家更本真的人。不過,天文學家也無須絕望。他如果謙卑下來,承認他自己內在深處的需要,大衛的上帝就會教導他當怎樣敬拜,而且這樣行,也就會使他變成更偉大的人,遠勝於往昔。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span>
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楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-68756944298822065722023-10-16T21:25:00.000+08:002023-10-16T21:25:04.024+08:00陶恕之屬靈職事<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 新約中的先知與舊約時一樣,都是在聖靈的引導下,在公開的聚會中說話。陶恕早年在芝加哥傳道時已發覺,似乎先知的油膏在他身上,他感到為上帝說話,是何等重要。他與使徒保羅一樣地宣告說:“上帝樂意將他兒子啟示在我心裡,叫我把他傳於外邦人中……。”</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 故此,他以活的基督為他權柄與能力的源頭,並確信上帝在用他說話。既作上帝的出口,便以高舉基督為一切的中心。他認為高舉基督比賺得靈魂更要緊,“願祢的名被尊為聖”。上帝的名,在這背叛的世代必須被高舉,好使上帝能得著他起初原有的地位。因為上帝救贖的目的,是要恢復他在人裡面正常的地位,叫自高的人,再俯伏在坐寶座的主腳下。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 先知以賽亞曾把罪人,喻作走迷了路的羊——“各人偏行己路”。他們以自己的道路代替上帝的道路,乃是罪的中心,是背叛、不信、自私、己意的摻雜。這正是今日世人所犯的錯誤。在美國、歐洲、及至鐵幕國家,上帝在人心中根本無法居首位,最多也只有居第二,或第三的地位而已。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 陶恕引用法國昆蟲學家費比瑞的一個有趣的發現作為比喻:一群昆蟲中,只要有幾隻領先環繞瓶口而行,其它的便會盲目地跟隨;經過多日無謂的繞行,它們就都從瓶口上掉了下來。陶恕說基要派的領袖,就像這些昆蟲。許多世紀以來,他們一直在小小的瓶口上彼此跟著走,每一個都怕會超越半步,沒有一個敢去找新的方向,因此,只好像奴隸般地互相附和。陶恕強調說,這全是因為他們偏離了那高深的,被靈充滿的生命,而這生命是與基督一同藏在上帝裡面的。結果,基要派的屬靈情形日趨下坡。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 因此,陶恕覺得教會的復興,基本上是在於個人的屬靈生活。假如教會的每一分子,都能有更多的禱告、過聖潔的生活、彼此切實相愛、熱切事奉上帝、服事弟兄姊妹、更多追求像主,教會才有復興的盼望。他並指出,這復興不在乎多舉行幾次會議或宣傳,只要帶領的弟兄姊妹,願意絕對跟隨主,他們就能夠成為聖靈合用的器皿,帶進教會的恢復;否則,縱有再多聚餐與飯後交通,也是枉然的。只有常常活在信心中,不斷地禱告、順服,才能帶進真正屬靈的復興。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 另一面,他認為傳道的組織及個別的傳教士,必須達到更高、更新的使徒標準;否則把那些腐敗、低品質的福音傳講出去,徒然浪費時間及金錢。除了純正的福音,和新約的教訓,傳道者無權柄將其他別的東西帶進教會。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 他鼓勵凡相信聖經的基督徒,都不要懼怕聖靈。過分的靈恩運動,曾把不少上帝的子民嚇得逃離了活水的泉源。為了避免強烈的靈火,他們寧可無火;到了一個地步,甚至讓“屬靈真空”的情形出現。然而,上帝是幫助那些屬靈飢渴信徒的,我們必須相信他,讓他來作工。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 對於新約時代的教會,陶恕堅持要完全根據聖經所啟示的樣式。摩西建造會幕時,上帝給他的藍圖裡,連最細微的東西,都有清楚的啟示。摩西決不能改變上帝原初的計畫,他必須遵照上帝在山上所指示的樣式去建造。在此可以清楚看見,上帝才是那設計者,他有主權去決定一切,是人所不能更改的。今天新約教會的原則,無論是教訓或方式,都必須按照上帝聖言的指示。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 原初教會作事的法則,是直接從上帝那裡領受的,是經過聖靈向使徒啟示的。新約所記載的一切,就是上帝對教會的整個藍圖,此外,上帝沒有再加添什麼其他的東西,任何人偏離了上帝的計畫,都將招致虧損;近則影響噹時四週的人,遠則影響至未來,把上帝在地上的教會陷入邪惡裡。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 那些看似好心,其實卻是愚昧無知的人,常令教會受到無可言喻的破壞與虧損。這些人,自以為比主耶穌更清楚上帝的工作,他們一連串的改良運動,大大攔阻了真理的開啟,使神聖的計畫和樣式被改至面目全非。倘若原初的使徒能回到地上的話,他們絕對認不出,這就就是當日原初的教會。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 許多人不斷地把新東西帶進教會,也不理會這些東西,是否合乎聖經真理,都一律當作正統的方法和形式來接受。很快地,這些外加的東西,便與純正的真理同被認可;漸漸形成:若有人抨擊這些,便等於抨擊真理了。陶恕驚奇地指出:“福音派的信念實在奇特;一面站在真理的地位上,批評羅馬天主教不合聖經,另一面卻又容許在教會中,有許多如聖水之類無聊的宗教東西存在。”今天流行的宗教電影,便為陶恕所批評,他認為這是一個摻雜了世界的作法。</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-1102806811176049552023-10-16T21:19:00.002+08:002023-10-16T21:19:14.018+08:00陶恕之讀經經歷與認識<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">陶恕認為聖經是他路上的燈,能將他引進永遠的福分裡:所以,每天在閱讀其他刊物之前,他總是先讀聖經。他的工作也以聖經為根基。聖經中的話語,是啟發人靈的,裡面所記載的人物,是活潑的,其中最重要的主角——耶穌基督,活現在紙上,清晰而肯定,從古至今歷久不變。人若深愛並相信聖經的作者——上帝自己,就得著智慧與啟示。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 他得救後,就不停地蒐集各種不同版本的聖經,不論是新譯本或新版本他都要買。這愛好漸漸成了他終生難除的習慣。儘管他已經歷了多次慘痛的挫折和失望,但是只要一有新譯本出版,他還是禁不住要去書店買一本。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 他多次尋找,渴望能找到一本集各版本精義於一身的聖經,能將聖經的原意明顯地表達出來,就如一個優良曬相技師之沖曬,能把底片完全表露無遺。然而,事實卻不如他的理想。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 他說:“對每一本新出版的聖經,經過數天或數星期的仔細研讀,總發覺手中的不過又是一本平平無奇的譯本,只好失望地把它推開,再回到我最喜愛且熟讀的欽定本聖經。我對裡面的翻譯和印刷方面的錯誤,都已相當熟悉了,因為聖經教師們,總是不厭其煩地指出這本古老譯本的錯謬之處。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 後來,他道出了自己多年來讀經的錯誤,因他把自己下沉的靈和冷淡的心,歸咎於聖經裡話語的本身;認為普通的言語不能清楚、充分地表達真理。所以,他心裡總存著一個怪念頭,以為只有從各種不同言語,或字眼的譯本來看上帝的應許和命令,才能有助於信心的接受和對上帝的順服,其實,這也是錯誤的。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 上帝話語的目的,是要表明得救的真理,把人帶到基督面前,使人成聖,吸引人與上帝交通,並教導人認識義和信。無論何人,只要用禱告的靈去研讀聖經,就算是一本最簡單但忠於原意的譯本,聖靈也能點活其中的真理,並吸引人的心歸向上帝;一切在乎聖靈的工作和讀經者的反應。那些正確、忠實的版本固然重要,但最好的譯本,也不能改變一個人。美麗的修辭往往令人沉迷在其中,而忽略了上帝的要求。一個人如果無心遵行上帝的旨意,即便讀任何譯本,都不能叫他裡面得著平安。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 陶恕體會到,閱讀聖經時,不應當倚靠外面的幫助。今日許多信徒讀經,總喜歡跟隨一些解經或讀經計畫之類的書籍。信徒若養成這種倚賴的習慣,把讀經變得因循、機械化,便叫聖靈無法說話。真正隨從聖靈引導來讀經的信徒,常將一些章節在上帝面前揣摩數日,直到話中的真理在他裡面放光,他若在某些經節上沒有跟上帝辦好交涉,就不肯放棄,繼續把自己交給聖靈,讓聖靈來運行和光照。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-65555273803907170492023-10-16T21:12:00.003+08:002023-10-16T21:12:38.463+08:00陶恕之屬靈爭戰<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">1918</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年的</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月</span><span lang="EN-US">26</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日,就是陶恕二十一歲生日過後的第五天,他與愛達西莉亞福茲結婚,婚後生有七個子女。陶恕的岳母是位敬畏上帝的虔誠婦人。她一直禱告,求上帝為她的女兒預備一位信主的丈夫。上帝果然聽了她的禱告。日後,陶恕在屬靈追求上得他岳母很大的幫助。她鼓勵他過一個慇勤的生活,又把自己的屬靈書籍借給他閱讀。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 陶恕深信救恩是臨及全家的,因此,很快便帶領他的父母與兩個姊姊信主。婚後第一個夏天,他與小舅在西維珍利亞學校裡開福音布道會。接著,他應徵加入美國陸軍,在部隊服役直到第一次世界大戰結束。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 此後,他屬靈的爭戰期開始了。當時,維珍利亞教區的監督舒曼博士發現了他的恩賜,雖然,陶恕未曾受過任何聖經學校的訓練,但仍被按立為當地宣道會的牧師。時為</span><span lang="EN-US">1919</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 陶恕年輕時,既害羞又沉默寡言,家裡有客人來時,他不是逃到屋外,就是躲進廚房去,若是可能的話,他便獨自的吃飯。雖然他是如此內向,但在公開的職事上,卻是靈裡火熱。基督的愛除去了他的畏縮。不過在他的生命裡,他都是獨自往前的,為著與主交通,他甚至要遠離家人和好友。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 這種生活對陶恕的家人而言,自然不太好受。實際上,他就像個結了婚的修士一般。他沒有汽車、地產,也不要銀行戶頭,任何能叫他發財的機會,他都不屑一顧,有時甚至拒絕加薪。當他出外傳道時,他的妻兒便不能與他共享天倫之樂。他完全接受主在路加福音第十四章二十六節所要求的:“人到我這裡來,若不愛我勝過愛自己的父母、妻子、兒女、弟兄、姊妹,和自己的性命,就不能作我的門徒。”</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 陶恕幾乎對每件事物,都有自己的意見。在某些事上,他更是態度強硬。你可能不同意他的看法,卻不得不佩服他的勇氣與坦誠。他說話詞鋒銳利,也不管是否傷了別人。不過有時,他也會因話語過分而懊悔。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 在宣道會的一次會議中,他強烈反對一項已經通過的事:他的話語很重,最終,他所提出的意見並未得著同意。回家後,他開始感到不安,雖然,他認為自己的立場是對的,但卻發覺話語說得太過尖酸刻薄了。這事之後,他寫了篇資訊,是他有力的作品,題目為:“徵求:勇氣加上謙卑”,其中有幾段如下:</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> “剛烈的性情,是難以順服的,而更難辦的是人因著驕傲,用自己的方法來幫助上帝。”</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> “使徒保羅就是個最好的例子。他似乎有著十足的勇氣,百般忍耐的性情,以及上帝的寬容。從他得救前的光景看來,我們可以想像得到的,若沒有上帝的恩典,他將會成為怎樣的一個人。當他從旁幫助那些用石頭打死司提反的人之後,便四處尋找基督徒,向他們口吐威嚇兇殺的話,甚至在他得救後,對某些事物的判斷,仍是速決的。當出去傳道時,他斷然拒絕帶馬可同去,可見他對不信任之人的態度。然而歲月、患難,加上與忍耐的主日益親密的關係,似乎已改變了這個弱點。他晚年的日子,都充滿了甘甜的愛,馨香的憐憫與寬容。我們也應當有這樣的改變。”</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-39270131102612225382023-10-16T21:02:00.000+08:002023-10-16T21:02:01.089+08:00陶恕之密室禱告<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">陶恕初得救時,雖然靈命尚淺,卻已深知內室生活的重要。他經常把自己分別出來,找個清靜的地方來讀經、禱告及與上帝有親密的交通。由於家中缺乏地方,他便在地窖中自辟密室。每次,當他的妹妹艾西下樓取東西時,若聽見哥哥的禱告聲音,便趕快迴避,因為,她知道哥哥正在與上帝摔跤。陶恕很早便開始了禱告的生活。他時常隨身攜帶一本禱告簿,內中記下為自己或別人禱告的事項。這些的禱告,大都是與屬靈生命有關的。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 他禱告:“主阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我的上帝阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我聽見祢的聲音,也懼怕祢的囑咐;在這最危急的時候,祢竟將莫大重擔的工作託付我;我深信祢必搖撼萬族、地上和天上。主阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">求祢恩待我,使我得稱為祢的僕人。除了像亞倫一些被上帝呼召的人以外,從來沒有人得過這稱號。祢吩咐我向那些緊閉心門,頑梗背逆的人講解資訊;但是,主阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他們既拒絕祢,哪裡還肯接待我,我只不過是祢的僕人。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 我的上帝阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我不再浪費時間,為我的懦弱悲痛和推卻工作;因為責任不在我,而是負在祢的肩頭。祢曾說:‘我認識你、我差遣你、我潔淨你。’祢又說:‘你要走遍我差遣你去的地方,我要你說什麼,你應直說不諱。’我是誰</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">怎配與上帝辯論,又質疑上主的至高權柄呢</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一切的成就與決定乃在乎主,並不在我。所以,主阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一切都照祢的旨意行罷,不要成就我的心意。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 先知及使徒所傳講的上帝阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我知道只要我榮耀祢,祢便榮耀我。求祢幫助我許下這神聖的誓約,在將來的工作上,無論得與失、生或死,凡事都要歸榮耀給祢;並堅守此聖約,直到生命的盡頭。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 上帝阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這是祢作工的時候;仇敵已進入羊欄,小羊巳受侵襲和分散。但很多的牧羊人,卻忽視羊兒所遇見的危險,只是對環繞羊群的諸般危險訕笑。羊群被這些雇工欺騙,還忠心耿耿跟隨他們,一步一步與豺狼相近,隨著被宰殺消滅。我懇切地祈求祢,賜給我明亮的眼睛,洞察仇敵的所在;加給我聰明智慧,分辨信徒的真偽。使我更有勇氣,忠實見證所看見的異象,又求祢賜給我有祢的聲音,讓軟弱的羊兒,也認識這聲音來跟隨祢。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 我主基督</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">求祢使我靈命豐盛,將祢的恩手加在我身上,用新約使者應得的油膏抹我,免我徒說屬祢的事,卻沒有救人靈魂的力量。求祢幫助我,叫我不要變成文士,忘記祢的呼召。求祢叫我不要倣傚現代牧師一樣的虛偽,救我脫離甘心妥協,假冒為善及視傳福音為職業的危險,使我不要從教會的大小、教友的多寡、每年奉獻的數目判斷教會的好壞。也提醒我不可忘記自己是上帝的使者,不是道德的提倡者,更非宗教的經營家;讓我成為基督的奴僕。救我靈魂脫離屬世物質的慾望,叫我不要渴望成為眾人羨慕的對象,也免我被世事所縛束,在屋裡徒然浪費光陰。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 上帝阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">求祢管教我,當我與那天空的掌權者,和黑暗世界的惡魔角力時,求祢吸引我到安靜的地方去禱告。不要讓我沉迷口腹之慾;教導我如何儆醒,成為耶穌基督的精兵。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 在我屬靈生命的道路上,我願意選擇困苦而工資少的事奉。我永不苟安,務要學習棄絕一切能減輕工作的方法,例如別人找尋平坦小徑,我會毫不猜疑選擇十架窄路;我雖預知有很多難處,但我會默然不語地接受。如果,這些攔阻是從祢的聖靈而來,也是祢賜與我的恩典;求祢幫助我抵擋不止息的阻攔,教導我利用所遇見的難處,使我不會傷害我的靈性,和減低我從上頭來的力量。假如祢允許別人稱揚我,讓我不忘記,我本不配得褒贊。倘若,他們像我一樣深入認識我,必收回他們對我的尊敬,轉而尊敬那些值得尊敬的人。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 宇宙萬物的主阿</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我把以後的一切日子,都奉獻給祢用。無論時日是多是少,全隨主旨意安排。讓我不在尊貴人前屈膝,倒願服事那些低微貧苦的人。這不是我所選擇,我也不願意改變祢所定下的計畫。我只是祢的僕人,一切順服祢的吩咐,祢的命令在我看來,比世上的福分、地位、功名更為美好,我願為祢撇下世界或天上的一切。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 雖然我被上帝呼召揀選,願我永不忘記我只是出於塵土,並且,充滿了天性的敗壞和害人的私慾。所以我懇求救主,救我脫離自己罪惡的捆縛,求聖靈及祢的能力充滿我,使我披戴從上帝而來的能力,到處述說主的公義,盡力傳揚上帝的慈愛。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 親愛的主</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當我年老無力,或太疲乏不能繼續工作時,求祢為我在天上預備地方,讓我加入眾聖徒的行列,活在永遠的榮耀裡。阿們</span><span lang="EN-US">!”</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 他的禱告影響他的講道頗深。他不僅單對人講禱告,其實,他每一篇資訊實際,就是他禱告所產生的結果。他經常平臥在地上禱告;先用一張紙鋪在地面,使地氈的塵埃不至沾到臉上,然後,鄭重地謙卑俯伏,仰望三一上帝的榮美。在這樣的敬拜、仰望中,上帝自己就向他顯現啟示。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 陶恕深覺基督徒的生命,就是禱告的生命。我們的禱告與生活必須平衡,整體來看,我們有多高的生活,就應當產生多高的禱告。在急難中的呼求,就像太平門,只是供給人臨時脫難,並不能代替正常的禱告生活;反之,這類禱告是不正常的,只是一時的屬靈行為。水不能高過本來的水平,照樣,一個基督徒也不能以突然、間歇性的努力,來提高本身屬靈生命的水準。果子的產生,完全根據樹的生命的情形。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 看見了禱告的要緊後,陶恕每作一件事,都謙卑的帶到上帝面前,作長久的禱告與尋求。他的許多著作,都是在長時間禱告和默想中成全的。他的著作絕不是頭腦的神學,而是內在深處生發對上帝的渴慕。《渴慕上帝》</span><span lang="EN-US">(The Pursuit of God)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這本書,乃是他長期跪在上帝面前禱告中成全的。所以,這書充滿了無比的力量和祝福。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-70536624133577179052023-10-16T20:23:00.001+08:002023-10-16T20:23:02.961+08:00陶恕之得救與追求<p> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">1915</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年,他十八歲生日快到時,陶恕得救了。那經歷就像當日保羅往大馬色的途中遇見主一樣。當時他身在鬧市的街角,與一位年長的露天傳道人一起。那人所說的話中肯有力。他說:“你若不知道怎樣可以得救,只要呼喊上帝,說:‘主阿,憐憫我這個罪人</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">’”於是陶恕回到家裡,躲在樓上,內心開始掙扎,與上帝接觸、摔跤。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 結果,他從房間出來時,已是個新造的人了。跟著他在亞克朗的恩典循道會聚會,然後在弟兄會裡受浸。他重生得救的過程似乎是一瞬間,其實在這之前,上帝已作了相當長久的預備;譬如藉著他的祖母瑪嘉烈,經常向孫兒們講述上帝,也藉各樣的環境翻鬆土壤,把生命的種子撒到他裡頭。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 得救後,聖靈的工作改變了他的生命。他的心竅開啟了,並且主所給的恩賜,也逐漸在他身上顯露,家人和朋友都能看見他的改變。不過這只是他屬靈旅程的開端,要走的路還長遠呢</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他的性格需要經過主的磨練,恩典與知識,還需要不斷增長。聖靈的果子成熟,必須待以時日。漸漸,他年輕時憤世嫉俗的態度除掉了,對主信心日堅。以前專好爭吵辯論,現在也變得比較仁慈體貼了。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 陶恕一得救馬上為主作見證,跟弟兄姊妹一同在街上傳福音,又召開禱告眾會。起初他只憑一股火熱,不等候聖靈感動,就跑去挨家挨戶按門鈐,邀請人到他家裡聚會。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 在他的屬靈道路上,惟一失足的經歷就是,有一次,他忽然丟下家庭及工作,跟一個童年的密友,乘小艇沿著俄亥俄河漫無目的地順流而下,一心要去闖世界。不料半途船翻了,兩人可幸無恙,但一切財物盡失。結果,他滿臉羞慚地回亞克朗老家去。這次教訓使他日後更能幫助那些軟弱退後的信徒。而另一面,經過這些事後,他對主反而恆切追求,信心日益增長,在靈性上有快的成長。正如哈巴谷書所說的:“他使我的腳快如母鹿的蹄。”</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-46556271586370522202023-10-16T20:16:00.011+08:002023-10-16T22:22:42.515+08:00陶恕<p> </p><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC2yvdJOpbOw_uwHx2pa1oWeiZ1Mt67l_l3Egzkam_4O0iuOYUrV5hGNC4V24LeVmI2R6spLStoiwKxJQZe1PE-1dgpo8HJZuIfhexfKtcWdapyKbabKo-v9xyL0o4l6aYNARxE8EwgLPn4eFdNwu9whLiAYx7Eq9Jva1YcF-D4NcCkxSs98UyO3OPEqPy/s1280/maxresdefault.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC2yvdJOpbOw_uwHx2pa1oWeiZ1Mt67l_l3Egzkam_4O0iuOYUrV5hGNC4V24LeVmI2R6spLStoiwKxJQZe1PE-1dgpo8HJZuIfhexfKtcWdapyKbabKo-v9xyL0o4l6aYNARxE8EwgLPn4eFdNwu9whLiAYx7Eq9Jva1YcF-D4NcCkxSs98UyO3OPEqPy/w640-h360/maxresdefault.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_16.html">陶恕之童年生活</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_68.html">陶恕之得救與追求</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_24.html">陶恕之密室禱告</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_11.html">陶恕之屬靈爭戰</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_69.html">陶恕之讀經經歷與認識</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_94.html">陶恕之屬靈職事</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_91.html">陶恕作品----為奧秘留地位</a> ,</p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_8.html">陶恕作品----悅耳琵琶</a> ,<br /></p><p> </p><p> </p>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-81941035064298248662023-10-16T20:13:00.002+08:002023-10-16T20:13:11.603+08:00陶恕之童年生活<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 主後</span><span lang="EN-US">1897</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日,陶恕</span><span lang="EN-US">(Aiden Wilson Tozer 1897</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">—</span><span lang="EN-US">1963)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是出生於拉候賽,即現在美國賓州的紐堡。在六兄弟姊妹中,他排行第三。父親名叫“雅各”。祖父“吉柏特”是英國人,十九世紀中葉遷居美國。陶恕的家鄉,是多石多山的地域。所以,他從小就看見那裡的人們,在古老的帳棚裡聚會。沒想到他長大以後,也曾多年在這種帳棚聚會中傳道。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 年幼的陶恕是個聰明伶俐,專愛搗亂的孩子,但卻有著一顆溫柔善良的心,曉得愛護嬰孩和小動物。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 有一次,家裡養了一隻營養不良的豬,陶恕就用奶瓶餵牠吃奶,把它養大。還有一次,他發現了一隻生下不久,有三個耳朵的畸型小羊,因被母羊冷落,於是常把它摟在懷裡。結果這小豬、小羊都成了他家裡的寵物。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 陶恕童年時,只是一個普通的孩子,看不見他日後的屬靈品格。他常因小事與鄰居孩子們吵架,惹父母生氣。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 一天,陶恕和他的妹妹爬上一棵蘋果樹,在樹枝上蕩來蕩去,隨口唱著兒童詩歌:“在天堂可有地方,為像我這樣的小孩子</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">”一個精明的鄰婦,就馬上從草叢中插嘴說:“如果你想上天堂,就得先改好你的行為</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">”由此就可以看見,他的童年是如何的頑皮的了。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 還不到十歲,他的大哥就到亞克朗的橡膠公司工作。陶恕只好負起成人的責任,留在農場上工作,如撒種、栽種等。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 農場的工作歷時未久,悲劇就突然發生了。一場大火就把他的家園燒的清光。那起火的原因,是一個老婆婆把木屑扔在炭堆上,火焰冒出煙囪,燒著了木頭蓋的屋頂,加上乾燥的氣候和強風,火勢很快的蔓延開了;然而才十歲大的陶恕,早有了準備。他一把拖起他的弟妹,就往安全的樹林中逃避。原來他早已夢見火災,並曾告訴家人,若夢境成真,他將如何行動。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 大火過後,陶恕一家在舊地重建家園,在那裡又住了五年多。</span><span lang="EN-US">1912</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年,他們舉家遷往亞克朗與長兄會台。陶恕與父親和妹妹,都加入長兄的公司作事。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 以今天的標準來看,陶恕的教育程度實在低淺,他唯讀過初中。此外,在他的農莊生活裡,也只能利用主日,來閱讀他僅有的幾本書。他沒有什麼音樂天分,所以很慷慨地,把一個免費學琴的機會讓給他妹妹。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 到了十五歲時,他的藝術才華開始顯露。他參加了卡通繪畫班,並大有表現,他的素描充分表露了他敏銳的才智。不過得救之後,他對這些東西,就再也不感興趣了。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 在亞克朗,陶恕一家才有機會首次參加教會聚會。陶恕亦開始陪同弟妹上主日學。但他真正得救,卻是日後的事。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-70983619935498767822023-10-13T17:32:00.003+08:002023-10-13T17:32:49.355+08:00使徒彼得<p> <a href="http://ll1591.blogspot.tw/2015/12/cephas.html">磯法 CEPHAS</a> , <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/peter.html">彼得 (Peter)</a> , </p>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-87562509227736864612023-10-13T17:29:00.009+08:002023-10-13T17:33:33.710+08:00使徒們<p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2021/02/blog-post.html">使徒的苦杯</a> , <br />
<br />
<a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_17.html">使徒彼得</a> , </p><p> <a href="https://ll1591.blogspot.com/2020/01/blog-post_58.html">使徒約翰</a> , </p><p> <a href="http://ll1591.blogspot.tw/2014/12/andrew.html">安得烈 ANDREW</a> , </p><p> <a href="http://ll1591.blogspot.tw/2017/05/cleopas.html">革流巴 CLEOPAS</a> , </p><p> </p>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-56255188541974446932023-10-13T17:24:00.007+08:002023-10-13T17:24:56.139+08:00彼得 (Peter)<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>簡介:</b>彼得是耶穌親自帶領的著名使徒。他的名字和某些事蹟,即便在教會之外,也是流傳很廣的。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">聖經記載:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">1)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">由漁夫成爲使徒</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得原名西門</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">18)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。居住在加利利海邊的伯賽大城</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">44)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。後來遷居到迦百農</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">29)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得的兄弟安得烈信從了耶穌後,便引領他去歸向耶穌。耶穌第一次見到他就對他說:「你要稱爲磯法」。磯法</span><span lang="EN-US">(Cephas)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是古代西亞通用的亞蘭文</span><span lang="EN-US">(Aramaic)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,翻譯成希臘文即是彼得</span><span lang="EN-US">(Peter)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。磯法與彼得的意義相同,都是「石頭」的意思</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">40</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US"> 42)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">C.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得第一次被召之後,曾暫時回家到海邊去打魚。有一天耶穌在海邊行走,第二次呼召彼得。彼得便立刻捨了網,跟從了耶穌</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">20)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。耶穌在迦百農,還曾親自到彼得家中,醫治了彼得的岳母</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">15)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">D.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">耶穌曾坐在彼得的船上,向岸上的人群講道,「講完了,對西門</span><span lang="EN-US">[1]</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">說:『把船開到水深之處,下網打魚。』西門說:『夫子</span><span lang="EN-US">[2]</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,我們整夜勞力,並沒有打著什麼。但依從你的話,我就下網。』他們下了網,就圈住許多魚,網險些裂開」。「西門彼得看見,就俯伏在耶穌膝前說:『主啊,離開我,我是個罪人。』」耶穌安慰他說不要怕,並且說彼得將來要「得人如得魚一樣」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">路</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">11;</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">19)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。後來彼得被選立爲使徒,在使徒中名列第一位</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">2)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">2)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">認識了基督又體貼人意</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當年耶穌在革尼撒勒湖邊,曾叫門徒上船,先渡到湖那邊去,他獨自上山去禱告。「夜裏四更天,耶穌在海面上走,往門徒那裏去。門徒看見他在海面上走,就驚慌了,說:『是個鬼怪。』便害怕,喊叫起來。耶穌連忙對他們說:『你們放心,是我,不要怕</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』彼得說:『主,如果是你,請叫我從水面上走到你那裏去。』耶穌說:『你來吧。』彼得就從船上下去,在水面上走,要到耶穌那裏去,只因見風甚大,就害怕,將要沉下去,便喊著說:『主啊,救我</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』耶穌趕緊伸手拉住他」,「他們上了船,風就住了。在船上的人都拜他,說:『你真是上帝的兒子了。』」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">33)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當耶穌的眾多門徒中有些人要退去的時候,耶穌「對那十二個門徒說:『你們也要去麼</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』西門彼得回答說:『主啊,你有永生之道,我們還歸從誰呢</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">66</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">68)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">C.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">那時有許多人認爲耶穌是一位先知。耶穌知道眾人這種看法之後,耶穌就問門徒們說:「你們說我是誰</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」西門彼得回答說:「你是基督</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">救世主</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,是永生神的兒子」。耶穌對他說:「你是彼得,我要把我的教會建造在這磐石上」。「從此耶穌才指示門徒」,他必須「受許多的苦,並且被殺,第三日復活。彼得就拉著他勸他說:『主啊,萬不可如此</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這事必不臨到你身上。』耶穌轉過來,對彼得說:『撒但,退我後邊去吧</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">你是絆我腳的,因爲你不體貼上帝的意思,只體貼人的意思。』」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">13</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">23)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">3)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">幾次特殊的造就</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得和雅各、約翰三個門徒曾被耶穌特許跟著他,得以親眼看到睚魯的女兒復活的神蹟</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">37</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">42)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得與雅各、約翰三人曾親眼看到耶穌改變了形像。那時耶穌帶著他們三人暗暗地上了高山,耶穌「就在他們面前變了形像:臉面明亮如日頭,衣裳潔白如光。忽然有摩西、以利亞向他們顯現,同耶穌說話。彼得對耶穌說:『主啊,我們在這裏真好</span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">你若願意,我就在這裏搭三座棚:一座爲你,一座爲摩西,一座爲以利亞。』說話之間,忽然有一朵光明的雲彩遮蓋他們。且有聲音從雲彩裏出來說:『這是我的愛子,我所喜悅的,你們要聽他。』門徒聽見,就俯伏在地,極其害怕。耶穌進前來,摸他們,說:『起來,不要害怕。』他們舉目不見一人,只見耶穌在那裏」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">17</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">8)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">C.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得曾聽從耶穌的指示,往海邊去釣魚,得到一塊錢,交納了人丁稅</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">17</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">24</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">27)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">D.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得曾誤解過耶穌爲門徒洗腳的意義。在耶穌被賣的那天晚上,「吃晚飯的時候」,耶穌曾「離席站起來脫了衣服,拿一條手巾束腰。隨後把水倒在盆裏,就洗門徒的腳,並用自己所束的手巾擦乾。挨到西門彼得,彼得對他說:『主啊,你洗我的腳嗎</span><span lang="EN-US">?……</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">你永不可洗我的腳。』耶穌說:『我若不洗你,你就與我無分了。』西門彼得說:『主啊,不但我的腳,連手和頭也要洗。』耶穌說:『凡洗過澡的人,只要把腳一洗,全身就乾淨了</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』」耶穌又說:「我是你們的主,你們的夫子,尚且洗你們的腳,你們也當彼此洗腳」。耶穌的意思是教導彼得等門徒彼此相愛</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">13</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">14)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">4)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">三次不認耶穌</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在耶穌被賣的那天晚上,耶穌對彼得說:「撒但想要得著你們,好篩你們像篩麥子一樣。但我已經爲你祈求,叫你不至於失了信心,你回頭以後,要堅固你的弟兄」。彼得說:「主啊,我就是同你下監,同你受死,也是甘心」。耶穌預言說:「彼得,我告訴你,今日雞還沒有叫,你要三次說不認得我」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">路</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">31</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">34)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得在客西馬尼園竟不能和耶穌一同儆醒禱告,使耶穌深感傷痛。耶穌被賣的那天晚上,他明明知道猶大要出賣他</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">26</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">23)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,也很清楚猶大知道耶穌常和門徒在橄欖山的客西馬尼園聚集</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">2)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。但是耶穌那一夜還是照常往客西馬尼園去禱告</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">路</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">39</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">41</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,太</span><span lang="EN-US">26</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">36)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。那時候耶穌知道自己即將被釘在十字架上,擔當世人的罪惡,成就救贖的工作。這本是他到世上來的使命</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">45;</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">提前</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">6)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。但是耶穌在肉身當中,心裏也曾憂傷,然而又要順服上帝的旨意,所以曾禱告說:「父啊,救我脫離這時候,但我原是爲這時候來的」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">12</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">37)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。耶穌在客西馬尼園禱告的時候,「汗珠如大血點,滴在地上」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">路</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">44)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。但是彼得卻在那裏打盹睡覺,不能儆醒陪同耶穌禱告,使耶穌非常傷心</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">太</span><span lang="EN-US">26</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">36</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">46)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">C.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得曾用刀削掉了馬勒古的耳朵。耶穌被捉拿之前,彼得先是自己誇口至死跟從耶穌</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">13</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">37)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。跟著又不肯儆醒禱告打盹睡覺</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">37</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">38)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。所以當猶大帶著馬勒古以及兵丁等人來捉拿耶穌的時候,彼得在驚慌之中,竟拔出刀來砍掉了馬勒古的一個耳朵。彼得作的這件事不但無益,反而有害。他給耶穌加添了煩擾,耶穌在自己被捉的時候又治好了馬勒古的耳朵</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">路</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">51)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。此外,彼得刀砍馬勒古這件事,也成了他失敗的根源之一。當耶穌被捉到大祭司的院子裏受審的時候,彼得也進入到大祭司的院子裏</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">16)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。院中有一個人正是馬勒古的親屬,這人指著彼得說,他曾看見彼得和耶穌一起同在客西馬尼園子裏。這就使彼得更不敢承認自己是耶穌的門徒了</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">26</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">27)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。彼得第三次不敢承認是耶穌的門徒以後,耶穌「轉過身來看彼得。彼得想起主對他所說的話:『今日雞叫以先,你要三次不認我。』他就出去痛哭」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">路</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">61</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">62)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">5)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">三次接受耶穌的託付</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">耶穌復活後,曾叫幾個女信徒去告訴他的眾門徒「和彼得」,叫他們到加利利去見耶穌。——在眾門徒中特意提到了彼得的名字</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">7)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,這件事顯示了耶穌對失敗後而痛哭的彼得仍是滿懷的深恩厚愛。「和彼得」這幾個字只有馬可福音有記載,其他的福音書中都未曾提到。而書寫馬可福音的馬可乃是彼得的青年助手,形同彼得的兒子</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼前</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">13)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。馬可所寫的「和彼得」這幾個字肯定是彼得講述給馬可的。可見「和彼得」這幾個字對彼得是何等的可貴</span><span lang="EN-US">! <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">耶穌復活後對彼得仍是殷切地期望和囑託。在提比哩亞海邊</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">1)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,復活後的耶穌和眾門徒吃完了早飯後,耶穌曾三次問彼得說:「你愛我嗎</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」彼得三次回答說:「主啊,是的,你知道我愛你」。耶穌三次分別囑託彼得爲耶穌餵養他的小羊,牧養他的羊群,餵養那些病弱離群之羊</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">17)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">6)10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天禱告後的變化</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">耶穌復活升天後,彼得曾和</span><span lang="EN-US">120</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">名信徒,在耶路撒冷的一間樓房裏「同心合意地恆切禱告」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">12</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">15)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。五旬節時,彼得等人已禱告了約有</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天,聖靈降臨在彼得等人的身上。彼得講道後,有三千人悔改做了基督徒</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">42)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得和約翰曾在聖殿中醫治了一個瘸腿的人,眾人都很希奇驚訝。彼得再次傳道,這次信道的男子約到</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">千人</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">4)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">C.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得和約翰曾被猶太公會拘捕審問。猶太公會是由猶太官府、長老、大祭司等政治宗教領袖們組成的猶太人最高法庭。彼得藉著受審的機會傳講耶穌的救恩</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">12)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,甚至使公會的領袖們驚訝彼得、約翰的膽量,「又看出他們原是沒有學問的小民」,就很覺希奇</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">13)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。猶太公會的領袖們「禁止他們,總不可奉耶穌的名講論、教訓人」,彼得、約翰卻說:「我們所看見、所聽見的,不能不說」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">19</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">20)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。他們被釋放後,仍是「放膽講論上帝的道」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">31)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">D.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得與眾使徒第二次被捕受審時,大祭司再次命令彼得等人不許傳講耶穌。但彼得說:「順從上帝不順從人是應當的」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">29)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。後來彼得及眾使徒被責打後釋放</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">40)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。他們卻「心裏歡喜,因被算是配爲這名</span><span lang="EN-US">[3]</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">受辱。他們就每日在殿裏,在家裏,不住地教訓人,傳耶穌是基督」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">41</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">42)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。彼得等人在這次受審後影響很大,甚至有「許多祭司信從了這道」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">7)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">7)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">多次外出佈道</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">隨著福音的廣泛傳開,彼得曾離開耶路撒冷,到撒瑪利亞去看望當地新信道的基督徒。以後又回到了耶路撒冷</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">25)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。回到耶路撒冷時,便向那裏的信徒說明他向外邦人</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">即猶太人以外的各族人</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">傳講福音的經歷</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">9</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">32</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">11</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">18)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。彼得又常帶著妻子往來各處傳道</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">林前</span><span lang="EN-US">9</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">5)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不久,希律王下手苦害教會中的人,刀殺了雅各,又捉拿了彼得,準備在逾越節也把彼得處死。但天使救彼得出了監,他就又往別處去了</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">12</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">17)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">C.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在耶路撒冷大會中,彼得又重新出現。他認爲猶太族以外的各族基督徒,沒有必要遵守猶太的割禮等規條</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">徒</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">11)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">8)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得晚年的工作</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得也有弱點</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">加</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">11</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">14)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。但在保羅當面指責他之後,並沒有影響彼此間的真摯情誼,所以彼得仍稱保羅爲「親愛的兄弟」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼後</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">15)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得主張基督徒應當「爲主的緣故,要順服人的一切制度」,並且順服在上的君王,以及君王等人委派「罰惡賞善」的行政人員</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼前</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">13</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">14)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">C.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼得對基督道理的講述,詳見他寫的彼得前書與彼得後書這兩封書信。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">D.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">相傳彼得大約於耶穌基督降生後</span><span lang="EN-US">67</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年在羅馬殉道,殉道時大約</span><span lang="EN-US">75</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">歲。有人推算約翰福音大約寫於耶穌基督降生後</span><span lang="EN-US">70—90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年,所以老約翰在約翰福音中記有耶穌對彼得的預言說:「你年少的時候,自己束上帶子,隨意往來</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">但年老的時候,你要伸出手來,別人要把你束上,帶你到不願意去的地方」。「耶穌說這話,是指著彼得要怎樣死,榮耀上帝」</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">∶</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span lang="EN-US">19)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-71798139526581053472023-10-06T20:54:00.002+08:002023-10-06T20:54:12.567+08:00畢德生簡介<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一位敬虔的長老教會基督徒,同時也是神學院的教授;但對不認識他的人而言,尤金‧畢德生</span><span lang="EN-US">(EugenePeterson) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">看起來更像一位天主教的修士。他削瘦的身材,類似方濟各會修士的禿頂,再長一點兒就像東正教神父的滿臉鬍鬚,加上一對睿智的眼神,真是像極了修道院的苦行僧。當他說話時,聲音沙啞低沉卻溫和堅定,仿佛從鍊淨的靈魂中發出的智慧言語。而實在的,他在加拿大維真學院</span><span lang="EN-US">(Regent College) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教授靈修神學;他與李查‧傅士德〈</span><span lang="EN-US">Richard
J. Foster</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">〉並列北美兩大具影響力的靈修作家。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">畢德生曾在美國馬里蘭州貝爾</span><span lang="EN-US">(Bel Air)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的</span><span lang="EN-US"> Christ Our King Presbyterian Church </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">牧會三十年。</span><span lang="EN-US">1978</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年起,他一邊牧會,也一邊開始寫作。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">畢德生的牧會及寫作都有他的學術背景,他閱讀涉獵層面廣泛,做過嚴謹的學術研究工作,但因著沉潛的信仰及誠實人格,常驅使他追求屬靈的奧秘,使他又不致於成為學院派的牧師。身為牧師,他認為有三項牧養行動很重要,就是他所謂的「事奉三角法」</span><span lang="EN-US">---- </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第一角:禱告,按照聖經親近自然的禱告;</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第二角:讀經,轉眼為耳的讀經;</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第三角:屬靈指導,成為引領別人走出靈魂黑夜的屬靈導師。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">而屬靈指導是靈命成長的必要因素,屬靈神學</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">靈修神學</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">就是屬靈指導的基礎。畢德生注重默想的操練,認為在靜修中才能面對上帝,並聽到上帝說話。《聽主微聲》、《詩情禱語》就是這層面的書籍。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">雖然靈修神學常集中於探討沙漠教父以降,歷代信徒靈命追求的理論與方法,但畢德生更喜歡以舊約中先知的言語,應用到今日的信徒靈命成長上。他擅長運用聖經的語言,活化了希伯來文,將舊約大小先知的隱言寓意,曉諭現代人。他對這些先知語言有自己獨到的解法,在他著作的《</span><span lang="EN-US"> The Message </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">》</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">系列中,畢德生讓我們看到古老的話和活在當下人們之間的關係。他寫這一系列書,原先是希望給未信耶穌或初信者閱讀的;沒想到在「資深」基督徒中也大受歡迎。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">畢德生被稱為「牧師中的牧師」,因他寫過一些對教牧人員極有幫助的書,如《</span><span lang="EN-US">The Contemplative Pastor</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">》</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">直譯「默觀的牧師」以琳出版社譯本《返璞歸真的牧養藝術》</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。他的寫作即是牧養眾人;而他牧養教會時,也好似在寫一本書。他認為牧養和寫作是同一件事:都是藉著祈禱、傾聽,來發現上帝在人群中的作為。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他覺得,今日基督徒大部分是「宗教消費者」,把上帝當個「有求必應」者。他認為:若舊約先知對今日世代有何言語,就應該是「如果要回應上帝的真理,就要向現今社會文化思想提出挑戰」。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-987673227606440785.post-46005711453312570352023-10-06T20:47:00.006+08:002023-10-06T20:47:47.179+08:00畢德生之用詩篇向上帝禱告<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">畢德生牧師在</span><span lang="EN-US">1989</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年寫了一本《回應上帝:用詩篇禱告》,書中不但幫助讀者認識詩篇,更知道怎樣運用詩篇來祈禱。如此,屬靈生命可以不斷成長。該書結合了釋經書和靈修書,因為作者也是精通聖經和靈修神學的大師。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">畢德生認為,聖經絕大部分的書卷是上帝對人講話,詩篇卻是人對上帝說話,用詩篇祈禱是最適合不過的,因為我們無論落在什麼境況裡,都可以從詩篇找到合適的話向上帝傾心吐意。透過禱告,上帝在我們之內執行祂的旨意。透過禱告,我們成為上帝創造、救贖和賜福的那位。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">由於畢德生一生很喜歡用詩篇作為自己靈修生活的重心,因此,他從詩篇的</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">首上行之詩(詩篇第</span><span lang="EN-US">120</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">134</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">篇)寫了一本《天路客的行囊──恆久專一的順服》(原書名《靈命更新禮讚》),透過對</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">篇上行之詩的深入默想和闡釋,同時敏銳於現代基督徒所遭遇的挑戰,使本書成為社會日常生活中不可或缺的靈性地圖,為門徒生活提供一份全面性而且激發渴望的導覽手冊;而且昔日希伯來天路客所吟唱的上行之詩,在他緩慢地、富想像力地、虔誠禱告地、順服地禱讀中,挖掘出前所未有的豐富主題與意涵。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>楊百川http://www.blogger.com/profile/11058736247676414344noreply@blogger.com0